Botox is known as a wrinkle reducer. From a clinical perspective, this drug is classified as a neuromodulator. This indicates how it reduces wrinkles. The brand name Botox is formally onabotulinumtoxinA, one of several botulinum toxin strains produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The FDA-approved drug has minute amounts of highly purified botulinum toxin protein, free of bacterial substances. Botox injections deposit only purified neurotoxin complex to achieve safe, consistent results.
Before Botox was branded, the botulinum toxin protein had been used for therapeutic purposes. Starting in 1989, the drug was used to treat blepharospasm and strabismus. Though Botox was branded in 1992, the drug was not used cosmetically until 2002, after unintentional wrinkle-reduction was noticed in a large number of patients. At that time, Botox was approved for glabellar lines (frown lines between the brows). Since then, use has expanded to the correction of forehead lines and crow’s feet. Additionally, doctors use Botox for several off-label purposes, including teeth-grinding known as bruxism.